Linux添加新硬盘设置分区格式为GPT并使用LVM

写在前面

以前生产环境Linux系统，都是一块磁盘存储系统和业务数据，但是业务数据产生的日志量太大，经常把整个磁盘空间使用率达100%，导致系统无法正常运行，连执行shell命令都有异常，所以后来把系统和数据进行分开存储，例如Linux系统根环境就使用/dev/sda磁盘，业务存储环境则使用/dev/sdb磁盘，即便/dev/sdb磁盘空间使用率达100%，也不会影响Linux系统正常运行，当然，有监控告警机制不进行分区也行，能及时清理即可，但是做分区能起到双重保险。

查看当前磁盘使用信息

1
root@localhost:~# df -Th
2
Filesystem              Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
3
tmpfs                   tmpfs  794M  1.3M  793M   1% /run
4
/dev/mapper/ubuntu-root xfs     41G  3.9G   38G  10% /
5
tmpfs                   tmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
6
tmpfs                   tmpfs  5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
7
tmpfs                   tmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /run/qemu
8
/dev/sda2               xfs   1014M  171M  844M  17% /boot
9
tmpfs                   tmpfs  794M  4.0K  794M   1% /run/user/1000

可以看到/dev/mapper/ubuntu-root挂载的根分区磁盘空间只有几十GB。

1
root@localhost:~# lsblk
2
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
3
loop0             7:0    0 63.9M  1 loop /snap/core20/2318
4
loop1             7:1    0   87M  1 loop /snap/lxd/29351
5
loop2             7:2    0 38.8M  1 loop /snap/snapd/21759
6
sda               8:0    0   50G  0 disk
7
├─sda1            8:1    0    1M  0 part
8
├─sda2            8:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
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├─sda3            8:3    0    8G  0 part [SWAP]
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└─sda4            8:4    0   41G  0 part
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  └─ubuntu-root 253:0    0   41G  0 lvm  /
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sdb               8:16   0  100G  0 disk    #这里显示sdb磁盘未挂载
13
sr0              11:0    1    2G  0 rom

1
root@localhost:~# fdisk -l
2
Disk /dev/sdb: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
3
Disk model: Virtual disk
4
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
5
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
6
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

使用fdisk -l命令查看/dev/sdb未分区

查看lvm信息

1
root@localhost:~# pvdisplay
2
  --- Physical volume ---
3
  PV Name               /dev/sda4
4
  VG Name               ubuntu
5
  PV Size               <41.00 GiB / not usable 0
6
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
7
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
8
  Total PE              10495
9
  Free PE               0
10
  Allocated PE          10495
11
  PV UUID               3540f107-f2e4-49a1-8659-163dbfc3f99e
12

13
root@localhost:~# vgdisplay
14
  --- Volume group ---
15
  VG Name               ubuntu
16
  System ID
17
  Format                lvm2
18
  Metadata Areas        1
19
  Metadata Sequence No  2
20
  VG Access             read/write
21
  VG Status             resizable
22
  MAX LV                0
23
  Cur LV                1
24
  Open LV               1
25
  Max PV                0
26
  Cur PV                1
27
  Act PV                1
28
  VG Size               <41.00 GiB
29
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
30
  Total PE              10495
31
  Alloc PE / Size       10495 / <41.00 GiB
32
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
33
  VG UUID               b2eadbf1-7c3a-451e-b348-6993c44305dc
34

35
root@localhost:~# lvdisplay
36
  --- Logical volume ---
37
  LV Path                /dev/ubuntu/root
38
  LV Name                root
39
  VG Name                ubuntu
40
  LV UUID                58a7626d-2836-4ff4-8ed6-59f8a88e7728
41
  LV Write Access        read/write
42
  LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2025-02-18 02:11:35 +0800
43
  LV Status              available
44
  # open                 1
45
  LV Size                <41.00 GiB
46
  Current LE             10495
47
  Segments               1
48
  Allocation             inherit
49
  Read ahead sectors     auto
50
  - currently set to     256
51
  Block device           253:0

使用parted分区并设置lvm

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root@localhost:~# parted /dev/sdb   #指定磁盘设备名称
2
GNU Parted 3.4
3
Using /dev/sdb
4
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
5
(parted) mklabel gpt                #设置磁盘分区为gpt格式
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(parted) mkpart primary 1% 100%     #创建新分区为主分区，占用磁盘空间从起始位置1%到100%
7
(parted) set 1 lvm on               #设置第一个分区为lvm
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(parted) print                      #打印磁盘分区信息
9
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
10
Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB
11
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
12
Partition Table: gpt
13
Disk Flags:
14

15
Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name     Flags
16
 1      1074MB  107GB  106GB               primary  lvm
17

18
(parted) quit                       #退出
19
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
20

21
root@localhost:~#

使用fdisk -l查看/dev/sdb磁盘信息

1
root@localhost:~# fdisk -l
2
Disk /dev/sdb: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
3
Disk model: Virtual disk
4
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
5
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
6
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
7
Disklabel type: gpt
8
Disk identifier: DDD8AFA8-0671-48FB-B103-F3FE9E165BB2
9

10
Device       Start       End   Sectors Size Type
11
/dev/sdb1  2097152 209713151 207616000  99G Linux LVM

创建lvm逻辑卷并挂载

创建PV卷

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root@localhost:~# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
2
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
3
root@localhost:~#

创建VG组

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root@localhost:~# vgcreate storage /dev/sdb1
2
  Volume group "storage" successfully created
3
root@localhost:~#

创建LV逻辑卷

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root@localhost:~# lvcreate -l +100%FREE -n data storage
2
  Logical volume "data" created.
3
root@localhost:~#

格式化LV逻辑卷

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root@localhost:~# mkfs.xfs /dev/storage/data
2
meta-data=/dev/storage/data      isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=6487808 blks
3
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
4
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
5
         =                       reflink=1    bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
6
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=25951232, imaxpct=25
7
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
8
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
9
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=12671, version=2
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         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
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realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
12
Discarding blocks...Done.

创建挂载目录并挂载LVM逻辑卷

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root@localhost:~# mkdir -pv /data
2
mkdir: created directory '/data'
3
root@localhost:~#
4
root@localhost:~# mount /dev/mapper/storage-data /data

查看挂载磁盘以及添加开机自启

查看挂载后的磁盘信息

1
root@localhost:~# df -Th
2
Filesystem               Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
3
tmpfs                    tmpfs  794M  1.3M  793M   1% /run
4
/dev/mapper/ubuntu-root  xfs     41G  5.0G   37G  13% /
5
tmpfs                    tmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
6
tmpfs                    tmpfs  5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
7
tmpfs                    tmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /run/qemu
8
/dev/sda2                xfs   1014M  295M  720M  29% /boot
9
tmpfs                    tmpfs  794M  4.0K  794M   1% /run/user/1000
10
/dev/mapper/storage-data xfs     99G  739M   99G   1% /data   #这是新挂载的

添加开机自启

1
echo "/dev/mapper/storage-data  /data               xfs     defaults        0       0" >> /etc/fstab

Linux添加新硬盘设置分区格式为GPT并使用LVM

https://huoshen.pages.dev/cn/p/72ab9c20/

作者

Koevn

发布于

2025年2月24日

许可协议

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0